Conics, Differential Calculus, Integral Calculus, Statics, Hydrostatics, etc. In Astronomy, the progress of our forefathers was not considerable, judging it from the standpoint of the Astronomical progress of the present day. Precession, Nutation, Identification of several stars were not known to them. Iu Physics, the ideas only of Heat, Light, Electricity, Magnetism, and Sound wore known. But the application of these forces in Nature to the Arts of life seems to have been a matter never thought of by them. Chemistry, as known to the ancient Aryans, was more the Pharmaceutical Chemistry, as we Bow call it. Purification of Quicksilver for medicine or making poisonous drugs non.poisonous for their medicinal use, etc. formed their Chemistry Qualitative Analysis, Quantitative Analysis, Electro-chemistry were matters not known to them. In Geology, tho progress in ancient India was very slight. The application of Geology to Agriculture or to Mining or to reconstructing the old History of the world as a matter quite foreign to them. In Biology, the ancient Aryans bad no ideas of Cell, Protoplasm, Nucleus Parenchyma, &c. They had cultivated only tho Medical Botany. They had not studied the Agricultural Botany, the Morphological Botany, the Systematic Botany, etc. In Zoology, their progress was almost nil. In Sociology, which includes Politics, Political Economy, the Art of Government, the Duties of a king, Commerce and Industries, they had ideas of their own suitable to their own times. These several branches of knowledge not being cultivated by our Aryan forefathers, it is natural that there could be no Sanskrit words for corresponding English terms. I had, therefore, to coin now words which were submitted to the scrutiny of men of science and tho results, finally adopted by them, were incorporated in the Dictionary.
Vernacular equivalents for English terms in the elementary as well as in the advanced branches of different Western Sciences are needed to make scientific subjects intelligible to readers, who are ignorant of English.
Even if higher education continues to be given in English, along with it the production Even if biotin of vernacular scientific literature must be encouraged to convey the rich stores of knowledge of Western sciences, arts and games, to the great mass of the people in India who are ignorant of English. The percentage of men, receiving higher education in English, will always remain small and it will therefore be necessary for Government to encourage attempts to enrich the vernacular literatures with stores of up-to-date European knowledge in the interests of those who can never hope to receive the benefits of higher education in English.
There is a public demand for vernacular scientific books in every important province of India, but the supply is inadequate, inadequate simply for want of a suitable vernacular terminology and also for want of pecuniary support for the production of these scientific books. This demand has, till now, not boon pressed upon the attention of Government. But I hope, a day will soon dawn, when this will be done.
The names of Newton, Faraday, Tyndall, Pasteur, Kelvin, Darwin, Huxley, Edison, etc. must become as familiar in every household in India as the names of Panini, Kanad, Patanjali, Gautam, Shankaracharya, Madhvacharya, Sayanacharya, Vallabhacharya, etc., are at the present day. Just as, दैव, प्रात्कन,पुनर्जन्म, द्वैत, अद्वैत, etc. are the familiar words in the vocabulary of even the most illiterate man in India, so must very soon Liver, Spleen, Lungs, Heart, Brain, Nucleus. Protoplasm, Parenchyma, etc. enter into the tissue and fabric of the vocabulary of modern India; and this result can be achieved only by placing within the easy reach of the large mass of the people in this country vernacular books on modern scientific subjects.
